Table 11 Various Disorders Associated with Wheezing–Stridor*
Laryngeal:
Vocal cord dysfunction syndrome, (VCDS)
Factitious asthma (malingering)
Vocal cord paralysis
Vocal cord dystonia
Vocal cord nodules or polyps
Laryngeal carcinoma
Viral or bacterial infection of epiglottis or larynx
Angioedema of epiglottis or larynx
Subglottic:
Post-tracheostomy scarring/narrowing
Post-intubation scarring/narrowing
Thyroid compression, goitrous or cancerous
Tracheal and Large Airway:
Foreign bodies, aspirated
Bronchial adenomas
Endobronchial sarcoidosis
Bronchogenic carcinoma and endobronchial metastases
Peribronchial lymph node compression, infectious or cancerous
Webs
Vascular rings
Small Airways:
Bronchiolitis, infectious or idiopathic
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Eosinophilic granuloma/histiocytosis-x (Langerhans’ cell disorders)
Alveolar and Vascular:
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Fibrosing alveolitis
Pulmonary emboli
* Conditions more commonly confused with asthma are indicated by italics.